PHINEHAS BEN JACOB HA-KOHEN
- PHINEHAS BEN JACOB HA-KOHEN
- PHINEHAS BEN JACOB HA-KOHEN (Kafra), eighth
century Palestinian paytan. He is apparently the last in the
list of the "early poets" given in saadiah gaon 's Sefer
ha-Agron. As the acrostic to one of his piyyutim
implies, he came from Kafra, near Tiberias, and his connection with Ereẓ
Israel is further indicated in his piyyutim by the
representation of a number of customs in force only in that country. His
assumed identification with R. Phinehas, head of the academy, who is
mentioned among the early masoretes, is possible, but not sure. A
prolific poet, Phinehas wrote his works approximately in the second half
of the eighth century, at least after 748. Most of his compositions were
found in the Cairo Genizah. The critical edition of Sh.
Elitsur (2004) includes more than 140 piyyutim of many
diverse genres. Outstanding among them are Kiddush Yeraḥim,
piyyutim for all the months of the year, a series of
piyyutim concerning the 24 divisions of kohanim, and two
monumental kedushta for Shemini Aẓeret. The
Kedushta contains an important and colorful amount of
midrashic matter; the sources of some of these Midrashim are unknown.
Phinehas' style places him in the school of eleazar kallir , but
his expression is usually simpler and his poetry original. In only a few
compositions does he use many neologisms and an obscure style, with
typical strange paytanic forms.
-BIBLIOGRAPHY:
A. Harkavy, Zikkaron la-Rishonim ve-gam la-Aḥaronim, 5
(1892), 112–5; A. Marmorstein, in: HḤY, 5 (1921), 225–8;
6 (1922), 46–47; M. Zulay, in: YMḤSI, 1 (1933), 150–62;
idem, in: Yerushalayim, 4 (1953), 51–81; H. Yalon, in:
Ginzei Kedem, 5 (1934), 191–2; M. Margalioth, in:
BJPES, 8 (1940/41), 97–104; idem, in: Tarbiz,
29 (1960), 339ff.; A. Scheiber, in: JQR, 42 (1951/52),
213–4; idem, in: Gold-ziher Memorial Volume, 2 (1958), 55; E.
Fleischer, in: Sinai, 59 (1966), 215–26; 61 (1967), 30–56; 66
(1970), 224–60. ADD. BIBLIOGRAPHY: E.
Fleischer, Hebrew Liturgical Poetry in the Middle Ages
(Hebrew; 1975), passim; idem, in: Ha-Yoẓerot (1984), 113ff.,
129; T. Beeri, The "Great Cantor" of Bagdad
(Hebrew; 2002), 83ff.; Sh. Elitsur, Piyyuṭe Rabbi Pinḥas
ha-Kohen (2004).
(Ezra Fleischer /
Angel Saenz-Badillos (2nd ed.)
Encyclopedia Judaica.
1971.
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